The Ruvinal folder and Ruvinalflex TLR are attributed to a company either called Shōei Kōgaku (昭栄光学) or Shōei Sangyō (昭栄産業), but no original document has yet been found to confirm this.^[1] The cameras appeared in 1950 and were distributed by Maki Shōji, successor of Eikōdō, whose name became Eikōdō again in 1953.

Notes Edit

1. ↑ Shōei Kōgaku: Kokusan kamera no rekishi, p.373. Shōei Sangyō: McKeown, p.891, Supuringu kamera de ikou, p.113, and Lewis, p.73.

Bibliography Edit

• Asahi Camera (アサヒカメラ) editorial staff. Shōwa 10–40nen kōkoku ni miru kokusan kamera no rekishi (昭和10–40年広告にみる国産カメラの歴史, Japanese camera history as seen in advertisements, 1935–1965). Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994. ISBN 4-02-330312-7.
• Kawamata Masataku (川又正卓). Ruvinal 120. In Supuringu kamera de ikou: Zen 69 kishu no shōkai to tsukaikata (スプリングカメラでいこう: 全69機種の紹介と使い方, Let's try spring cameras: The use of and actual examples from 69 machines). Tokyo: Shashinkogyo Syuppan-sha, 2004. ISBN 4-87956-072-3. P.113.
• Lewis, Gordon, ed. The History of the Japanese Camera. Rochester, N.Y.: George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography & Film, 1991. ISBN 0-935398-17-1 (paper), ISBN 0-935398-16-3 (hard). Pp.73 and 83 (brief mentions only).
• McKeown, James M. and Joan C. McKeown's Price Guide to Antique and Classic Cameras, 12th Edition, 2005-2006. USA, Centennial Photo Service, 2004. ISBN 0-931838-40-1 (hardcover). ISBN 0-931838-41-X (softcover). P.891.